{"id":2588,"date":"2025-08-18T01:27:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T01:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestypack.com\/?p=2588"},"modified":"2026-08-03T04:49:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T04:49:47","slug":"%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%b0%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestypack.com\/ar\/blog\/flexible-food-packaging-a-guide-to-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0647\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 OTR \u0623\u0648 WVTR \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0648<\/strong> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c, \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong>, \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n

\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629<\/strong>, \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>Questions to answer<\/strong><\/th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u061f<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a-line trial<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/td>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u061f<\/td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643<\/td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u061f<\/td>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/td>\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n

\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PE \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. **\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643**<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 PP \u0643\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645. PP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b; CPP<\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c, \u5bc6\u5c01\u7a97\u53e3<\/strong>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632<\/h3>\n\n\n

PET \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n

EVOH \u0648PVdC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/th>\u91cd\u8981\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PE<\/td>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
PP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \/ CPP<\/td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c, \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/td><\/tr>
PET \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u6297\u7a7f\u523a\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
EVOH \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u9999\u6c14\u963b\u9694\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td><\/tr>
\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n

OTR \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u061b WVTR \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>. \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a ASTM D3985-24 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a ASTM F1249-25 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n
\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/th>\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643<\/td><\/tr>
\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr>
\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/td><\/tr>
\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a<\/td>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td>\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n

\u91cd\u8981\u63d0\u793a\uff1a<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0650\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 ASTM F1921\/F1921M-12(2023) \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 ASTM F88\/F88M-23 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a F88 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n

    \n\n
  1. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  2. \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  3. \u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  4. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  5. \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
    \"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629
    \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n

    \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629: \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u2192 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u2192 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u2192 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n

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    \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 (FDA) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (EU) \u0631\u0642\u0645 10\/2011 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b;<\/li>\n\n\n
    • \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u061b;<\/li>\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u061b;<\/li>\n\n\n
    • \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647<\/strong>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b;<\/li>\n\n\n
    • \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n

      \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n\n\n

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      \u0627\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n

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      \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n