{"id":2476,"date":"2025-08-01T00:48:48","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T00:48:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestypack.com\/?p=2476"},"modified":"2026-08-03T04:49:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T04:49:50","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ba%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bestypack.com\/ar\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-all-types-of-foam-packaging\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646: PE\u060c EPE\u060c \u0648XLPE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u805a\u4e59\u70ef<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0641\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 EPE \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 XLPE \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 PE \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 XLPE \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 EPE \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 PE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 PE \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0634\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 PE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646: PU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a PU \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a PE \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0645 PU<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 (EPS) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062b\u0648\u0642 (XPS) \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 EPS \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. XPS \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 EPS \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u662f\u5426\u6709\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u6295\u9012\u70b9\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u56de\u7a0b\u8fd0\u8f93\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6536\u96c6\u9014\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u062c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

EPP\u060c EVA\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a PE \u0648PU \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong> (EPP)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646-\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (EVA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPP \u0648EVA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

EPP \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0648\u0645 EVA \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antistatic, conductive, flame-retardant, and bio-based claims<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Special functions require a complete claim record. For ESD control, define the protected device, packaging zone, target electrical-resistance range, conditioning, test method, and duration of performance. For flame behavior, identify the exact standard, specimen construction, thickness, orientation, and acceptance level. Do not infer either property from color or supplier category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bio-based content describes feedstock origin, not necessarily biodegradability or compostability. A compostable claim needs a recognized test framework, certification scope, target facility type, and access to a collection pathway. Flame-retardant, antimicrobial, food-contact, low-emission, and recycled-content claims likewise need grade-specific documents. Until that evidence is available, treat the feature as a procurement question, not an article conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> Functional treatments can change cushioning, adhesion, aging, recovery, recycling, or surface-contact behavior. Revalidate the actual treated grade rather than applying results from an untreated base foam.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Common Foam Packaging Formats and Converting Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The same polymer can perform differently when supplied as a thin wrap, laminated block, molded end cap, convoluted lid pad, loose-fill piece, or foam-in-place system. Format selection affects tooling, labor, storage volume, tolerances, replaceability, and the way loads enter the cushion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fabricated, molded, loose-fill, and foam-in-place systems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0631\u0633\u0645
\u6982\u5ff5\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/th>Typical design value<\/th>\u8fdb\u6599\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u589e\u5851\u3001\u526a\u5207\u3001\u505c\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u70ed\u5386\u53f2<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
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\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>
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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u061f<\/td>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 ASTM D4168 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u0633\u064a\u0631
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\u8f93\u5165<\/th>Questions to answer<\/th>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
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    \n\n
  1. \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  2. \u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n
  3. \u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  4. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n\n\n
  5. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  6. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
  7. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\u0633\u0644\u0645
    \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0640...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n
    1. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/strong> \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n
    2. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
    3. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n
    4. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong> \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ISTA \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n
    5. \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 ASTM D4169 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
    6. \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629.<\/strong> \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n
    7. \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/strong> \u0635\u062d\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647<\/strong>, \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 EPP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n
      1. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n
      2. \u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n
      3. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/li>\n\n\n
      4. \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n
      5. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642. \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n
      6. \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 100\u066a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u201d. \u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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        \u76f8\u5173Bestypack\u8d44\u6e90<\/h3>\n\n\n\n